Loud-speaking telephone.



W. HARRISON.

LOUD SPEAKJNG TELEPHONE.

FILED AUG,2I,199

5. RENEWED OCT. 14,1914.

APPLICATION Patented May 18, 1915 IIVVE/VTOR a circuit containing a'rnnr orrrcn.

-'WA L'ION HARRISON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

LOUD-SPEAKING TELEPHONE.

Application filed August 21, 1905, Serial No. 275,107.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTON HARBIfiON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new and improved Loud-Speaking Telephone, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

'My-i-nvention relates to a method of and apparatus for producing, in an electric circuit, current variations of extraordinary degree and analogous to sound aves.

My invention is of peculiar value in connection with loud speaking telephones, long distance telephones relays and repeaters for telephony, and Hertzian wave telephonic transmitters. I v y In the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification, the figure represents one form of apparatus embodying my invention. to wit, a loud speaking telephonic transmitter.

The device exhibited comprises essentially an arc, and a manometric vapor 'jet;[controllable:lov sounds, for varying the ohmic resistance oitlieaam;

A vibratory diaphragm 1 made of pig skin, sheet mica, soft rubber or thin metal, is mounted within a casing 2, which is pro vided with a mouthpiece 3, and supported upon a stem 4, projecting upwardly from a pedestal 5. Another pedestal 6 is provided with a tubular stem 7 which supports a boiler 8, from which a flexible tube 9 leads to the casing 2. The boiler contains a volatile liquid 10, preferably water, and isheated by a lamp 11, so as-to generate vapor. From the casing 2 a flexible tube 12 leads to anoznle 13, which is supported upon a small stem,

14 secured by means of a clamping screw 15. The nozzle 13 1s, by virtue of a clamping screw 15, thus adjustable in the general direction of its length, and by means of the clamping screw 15 is also adjustable asto height.-

A post 16, of hard rubber, is provided with a supporting base 17 and with metallic brackets 18. Electrodes 19, which may be of carbon or metals, are adj ustably sup.- portcd by these brackets. A source of elec tricity 20, Such as a battery of not less than '40 volts, is connected in series with a primary winding 21., and disposed inmductive relation to the latter is a secondary winding These windings together constitute a Specification of Letters Patent.

position upon the far Patented'May 18, 1915. Benewedflctober 14, 1914. Serial no. 866,728.

transformer, which is of proportions suit-- able for the currents. The secondary winding 22 is connected with a conductor 23, upon which the perfected current variations are impressed. This conductor may be a telephone line and grounded at 2% Screws 25 are used in adjusting the electrodes. The are is shown at 26. i

The operation of my device is as fol! lows :-The lamp is lighted, vapor is generated and the carbons are so adjusted as to maintain an arc of suitable length. For most purposes, including the transmission of articulate speech, I prefer a comparatively long are, but in other cases the arc may be short. The length of the arc may'vary from four or five inches "down to a small fraction of an inch, depending upon the materials used for electrodes, the voltage of the primary current, and the, particular purpose for which the currentsare to be used. The vapor issues from the nozzle and impinges upon the arc. The adjustments are such that the vapor may strike the are only, or

any part thereof, or may also impinge upon one or both of the electrodes, as desired.

'llicefiect of thevapor is to produce variations in therohmic resistance of the arc, and also to maintain the arc in a favorable ie of the electrodes,

as indicated. The va the [low of current in the primary circuit. It. now. sounds are directed intosthe mouthpiece so as to cause the diaphragmto vibrate, variations analogous to sound 'waves are made in the quantity of vapor ISSUH'lg' "from the nozzle, and these variations, acting quantitatively upon the are, or upon the are and ,thc'electrodes as the case may be, set up corresponding variations m the intensity of the pr mary current; This being so,, and

the primary circuit acting inductively upon the secondary circuit, the conductor is impressed with current variations analogous to sound waves. but of much greater power than the variations heretofore produced.

, The changes wrought in the resistance of the are are somewhat complex. Thevapor from the manometer produces a chilling effect, causing the-carbon vapor of the arc to contract in volume. On the other hand the vapor from the manometer is heated, some of it perhaps to the point of dissociation. The net result is that the resistance of the r greatly changes arc is increased by the contact'thercwith of the vapor from the manometer.

i. do not limit myself to the use of a secondary circuit, for the reason that in the. present state of the arc the wiring may be Varied indefinitely. Neither do I limit myself to any particular material to be used as electrodes, nor to. the employment of any particular Vapor or other aerii ormbody, nor to any specific purpose to which the inventi on is applicable.

do not limit myself to the use of an arc, in instances Where an equivalent therefor may be employed, nor to a single are as distinguished from any larger number.

Having thus described my invention, l

claim as new and desire to secure by Letters 1.111 an apparatus for the transmission of signals, a circuit including an arc, means for supplying an atmosphere containing hydrogen tosaid arc, and means for varying such supply according to the signals to be trax'ismitte 2. In an apparatus of the character de scribed, a circuit including an arc, menus for supplying an atmosphere containing hydrogcn to said arc, and I voice-controlled means for-varying such supply according to the signals to be transmitted.

3. In an apparatusof the character de scribed, the combination of or continuous closed electric circuit including an arc, and means including a movable diaphragm. for directing toward said are an acriform body impressed with variations sound Waves.

i. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a continuous closed electric circuit including an arc, and means including a lHOVfllSlG diaphragm for directing toward said are varying quantities of an aeriform body capable of affecting the resistance thereof. r

i 5. The combination, with e source for supplying an. aeriform body and means for varying the quantity of said eeriform body, ,of a continuous electric circuit including on pro the resistance of which is sensitive to ariations in the supply of said aeriform body.

6. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a continuous closed circuit, mechanism for continuously iberating an eeriform body,means for producing variations in the Flow of said aeri-- form body, and mechanism for causing said aerit'orm body, thus eii'ected, to vary the resistance of said closed circuit sensitive to the influence thereof.

'2'. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a manometer provided. with a vibratory diaphragm for controlling the flow of an aeriform' body, and a continuous closed electric circuit the analogous to resistance of which is sensitive to variations in the flow of said aeriform body;

9; in an apparatus of thecharacter described, the combination of a continuous dynamical electric circuit provided, with an arc across which the current flows, and means for producing an aerifornrjct impressing the ohmic resistance of said are with variations? analogous to sound waves.

10. In in apparatus of the character described, the combination of a continuous v circuit, apart of which has a variable ohmicresistance under the action of varying quantitles of an aeriform body, and means for subjecting said art of said circuit to varying que'ntitieso said aeriform body.

11. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a circuit pro-' vided with an are, a source of direct current for energizing said circuit, and means for directing toward said are a mcnometric jet of steam impressed with quantitative variations analogous to sound waves. 1'

12. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a continuous circuit the resistance of which is changeable by variations in the flow of an aeriiorm body,

means for: supplying said aeriform body, and voice-controlled mechanism for producmg, in the flow of said aeriiorm body, "2111-,

ations analogous to sound waves.

13. In an apparatus of the characterdescribed, the combination of a continuous closed electric circuit, a. portion of which is maintained at a high temperature, and sound-controlled mechanism for directing toward said portion a flowing medium. having a lower temperature. for the purpose of varying the ohmic resistance of the same.

14:. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a continuous electric circuit in a part of which the ohmic resistance is sensitive to quantitative la "a.-

tions in temperature, and meansfor dir cting upon said part varying quantities of a body capable of varying the temperature thereof. v

15. In an apparatus of the characterdescribed, the combination of a continuous circuit provided with an arc and with means for normally maintaining said are steady, and sound-controlled mechanism for subjecting said are to the action of-varying quantities of an aeriform body.

16. In an apparatus of thechbracter de scribed, the combination of a telephone line wire, a continuous circuit for energizing the same, said circuit including-an are, means inc for energizing said circuit so as to constantly maintain said are, and sound-controlled mechanism for throwing upon said are varying quantities of an aeriform body.

17. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a telephone line wire, a continuous circuit for energizing the same, said circuit including an arc, a source of direct current for energizing said circuit,

thus maintaining said are steadily, and

means for directing toward said are varying quantities of an aeriform body capable of afl'ecting the ohmic resistance of the same.

18. In a device of the character described, the combination of a telephone ine Wire, a secondary winding connected t erewith, a primary Winding for energizing said secondary winding, an arc lamp and a source of direct current connected with said primary Winding, and voice-controlled mechanism for directing toward said are an unbroken but varying stream of an aeriform body. v 19. In a device of the character described, the combination of a telephone line Wire, a circuit for energizing the same, said circuit including an arc lamp, a source of electricity for maintaining said arc unbroken, and mechanism for directing toward said are an unbroken but varying stream of an aeriform body capable of varying the ohmic resistance of said are.

20. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a continuous electric circuit provided with an arc, mechanism for directing an aeriform body towardsaid rc, so as to vary the resistance thereof, and means for adjusting the path of said arriiorm body relatively to said are.

21. In. an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a continuous electric circuit provided with an arc, mechanism for directing an aeriform body toward said are so as to vary the resistance thereof, and means for adjusting the position of said are relatively to the path of said aeriform body; I

22. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of an electric circuit provided with electrodes, at source ,of continuous dynamic electricity connected with said electrodes for forming an unbroken arctherebetween, and means for directing upon said are a varying but unbroken stream of an a'eriform body capable of aliecting said arc.

23. In an apparatusof the character described, the combination of an electric circuit provided with an are, a source of d ect current for energizing said circuit so asto maintain said are, and means controllable by sounds for throwing upon said are an unbroken but varying jet of steam.

24. I scribed, the combination of a telephoneline wire, a continuouscircuit for energizing the same, said circuit being provided With a portion the ohmic resistance of which may be varied by the flow of an aeriform body thereagainst, and means i for directing against said portion a varying but unbroken stream of said aeriform body.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of. two subscribing Witnesses.

WALTON HARRISON.

n an apparatus of the character de- 

